{"id":12171,"date":"2024-02-29T19:01:49","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T00:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/invoquer-la-captation-pour-contester-un-testament-dautres-actes-quebec\/"},"modified":"2024-02-29T19:01:49","modified_gmt":"2024-03-01T00:01:49","slug":"invoquer-la-captation-pour-contester-un-testament-dautres-actes-quebec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/fr\/perspectives-juridiques\/services-aux-particuliers\/invoquer-la-captation-pour-contester-un-testament-dautres-actes-quebec\/","title":{"rendered":"Invoquer la captation pour contester un testament et d\u2019autres actes au Qu\u00e9bec"},"content":{"rendered":"

La notion de \u00ab\u00a0captation\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie comme le fait de \u00ab\u00a0s\u2019emparer de la bienveil\u00adlance d\u2019une personne, et \u00e0 obtenir d\u2019elle des lib\u00e9ralit\u00e9s d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par l\u2019attachement qu\u2019on parvient \u00e0 lui inspirer\u00a0\u00bb[1]<\/a>.<\/sup><\/p>\n

Les tribunaux du Qu\u00e9bec ont estim\u00e9 que la notion de captation implique un comportement frauduleux, qui peut se manifester par des pressions indues et de fausses d\u00e9clarations d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es destin\u00e9es \u00e0 influencer une personne afin de lui soutirer un consentement ou d\u2019obtenir d\u2019elle des avantages, faveurs et cadeaux qu\u2019il n\u2019aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 possible d\u2019obtenir, n\u2019e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 ce comportement r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019affaire Thivierge c.<\/em>\u00a0Thivierge<\/em><\/a> 2024\u00a0QCCA\u00a054 (\u00ab\u00a0Thivierge<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb), la Cour d\u2019appel du Qu\u00e9bec r\u00e9examine les crit\u00e8res qui d\u00e9finissent la captation et le fardeau de preuve dont doit s\u2019acquitter la partie qui all\u00e8gue la captation. Dans bien des cas, il faut s\u2019appuyer sur des pr\u00e9somptions, car la partie accus\u00e9e de captation admet rarement avoir commis un acte r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible, et la partie qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 victime de captation est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Thivierge c. Thivierge<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019affaire Thivierge met en cause trois\u00a0fr\u00e8res\u00a0: G\u00e9rard, Eug\u00e8ne et Raymond. G\u00e9rard \u00e9tait propri\u00e9taire d\u2019un grand terrain dont il a vendu et donn\u00e9 diverses parcelles \u00e0 ses fr\u00e8res au fil des ans.<\/p>\n

En 2008, G\u00e9rard promet par \u00e9crit de l\u00e9guer l\u2019une des parcelles \u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne, legs qui est inscrit dans son testament.<\/p>\n

En 2015, G\u00e9rard c\u00e8de \u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne une autre parcelle que Raymond voulait obtenir. Raymond, qui vit avec G\u00e9rard, d\u00e9couvre la donation en 2017 et en est tr\u00e8s m\u00e9content. Raymond fait conna\u00eetre son m\u00e9contentement \u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne et \u00e0 G\u00e9rard, et la relation entre les fr\u00e8res devient tendue.<\/p>\n

Eug\u00e8ne ne voit plus G\u00e9rard pendant des ann\u00e9es. Pendant ce temps, G\u00e9rard vend \u00e0 Raymond la parcelle qu\u2019il avait promis de l\u00e9guer \u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne et modifie son testament afin d\u2019exclure Eug\u00e8ne. Sur son lit de mort, devant t\u00e9moins, G\u00e9rard s\u2019excuse aupr\u00e8s d\u2019Eug\u00e8ne de lui avoir caus\u00e9 pr\u00e9judice en ne lui l\u00e9guant pas le lot promis.<\/p>\n

Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a annul\u00e9 le testament ainsi que l\u2019acte par lequel G\u00e9rard avait vendu le lot en litige \u00e0 Raymond. Une travailleuse sociale a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au proc\u00e8s que G\u00e9rard avait \u00e9t\u00e9 malade, craintif, anxieux et d\u00e9pendant de l\u2019aide d\u2019autrui pendant ses derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et qu\u2019il s\u2019\u00e9tait plaint des pressions qu\u2019un de ses fr\u00e8res exer\u00e7ait sur lui au sujet d\u2019un terrain. Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que la preuve cr\u00e9ait une pr\u00e9somption selon laquelle G\u00e9rard n\u2019aurait pas vendu le lot en litige \u00e0 Raymond n\u2019e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 les pressions exerc\u00e9es par Raymond, pas plus qu\u2019il n\u2019aurait modifi\u00e9 son testament pour en exclure Eug\u00e8ne. Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait de la seule conclusion logique qu\u2019il \u00e9tait possible de tirer de la preuve.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9cision de la Cour d\u2019appel<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel a rejet\u00e9 cet argument et infirm\u00e9 le jugement. Dans son \u00e9valuation du raisonnement du juge de premi\u00e8re instance, la Cour d\u2019appel a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve d\u00e9montrant les sentiments de peur et d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9rard \u00e9taient peu nombreux et qu\u2019ils reposaient uniquement sur le t\u00e9moignage de la travailleuse sociale, qui ignorait quel lot \u00e9tait en cause et quel fr\u00e8re pouvait \u00eatre la source de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9rard. Cette preuve ne permettait pas au juge de premi\u00e8re instance d\u2019\u00e9tablir la pr\u00e9somption de captation, ce qui a constitu\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re erreur. Aucun des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s, pris isol\u00e9ment, ne permet de confirmer la th\u00e9orie de la captation.<\/p>\n

L\u2019autre erreur commise par le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a \u00e9t\u00e9 de d\u00e9duire qu\u2019aucune autre explication logique ne pouvait justifier les actions de Gerard. En effet, la possibilit\u00e9 que G\u00e9rard a simplement put changer d\u2019avis concernant le lot en litige et son testament constitue une explication logique en soi. Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance aurait d\u00fb tenir compte de cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment, qui rend la th\u00e9orie de la captation relativement sp\u00e9culative.<\/p>\n

Observations<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel rappelle qu\u2019il n\u2019y a rien d\u2019ill\u00e9gitime ou d\u2019illicite \u00e0 tenter d\u2019influencer une personne et que, dans la mesure o\u00f9 Raymond a pu influencer G\u00e9rard, cette influence n\u2019\u00e9tait pas n\u00e9cessairement indue<\/em>, ce qu\u2019il incombait \u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne de prouver.<\/p>\n

Si vous avez des questions ou avez besoin de conseils ou d\u2019aide relativement \u00e0 une succession litigieuse, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 communiquer avec un membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe Services aux particuliers<\/a> ou Successions et fiducies<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> Mignault, dans son Trait\u00e9 de droit civil canadien<\/em>, au t.\u00a04, pp\u00a052 et\u00a053, cit\u00e9 dans Stoneham et Tewkesbury <\/em>c.\u00a0Ouellet<\/em>, [1979] 2\u00a0RCS\u00a0172, p.\u00a0198.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Bernardelli Pesce c<\/em>.\u00a0Tortella-Materazzo<\/em>, 2016\u00a0QCCS\u00a01409 (CanLII).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La notion de \u00ab\u00a0captation\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie comme le fait de \u00ab\u00a0s\u2019emparer de la bienveil\u00adlance d\u2019une personne, et \u00e0 obtenir d\u2019elle des lib\u00e9ralit\u00e9s d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par l\u2019attachement qu\u2019on parvient \u00e0 lui inspirer\u00a0\u00bb[1]. Les tribunaux du Qu\u00e9bec ont estim\u00e9 que la notion de captation implique un comportement frauduleux, qui peut se manifester par des pressions indues et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":14380,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[600],"insight-format":[470],"class_list":["post-12171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-services-aux-particuliers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInvoquer la captation pour contester un testament et d\u2019autres actes au Qu\u00e9bec | Miller Thomson<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/fr\/perspectives-juridiques\/services-aux-particuliers\/invoquer-la-captation-pour-contester-un-testament-dautres-actes-quebec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Invoquer la captation pour contester un testament et d\u2019autres actes au Qu\u00e9bec | Miller Thomson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La notion de \u00ab\u00a0captation\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie comme le fait de \u00ab\u00a0s\u2019emparer de la bienveil\u00adlance d\u2019une personne, et \u00e0 obtenir d\u2019elle des lib\u00e9ralit\u00e9s d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par l\u2019attachement qu\u2019on parvient \u00e0 lui inspirer\u00a0\u00bb[1]. 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