{"id":12099,"date":"2023-11-23T20:22:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T01:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/clauses-de-for-dans-litiges-matiere-dassurance\/"},"modified":"2023-11-23T20:22:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T01:22:00","slug":"clauses-de-for-dans-litiges-matiere-dassurance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/fr\/perspectives-juridiques\/assurances\/clauses-de-for-dans-litiges-matiere-dassurance\/","title":{"rendered":"Perspectives juridiques : Respect des clauses d\u2019\u00e9lection de for dans les litiges en mati\u00e8re d\u2019assurance"},"content":{"rendered":"

La cause en question se rapporte \u00e0 un litige opposant Avantys Health Inc. une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les assurances m\u00e9dicales (l\u2019 \u00ab\u00a0assureur<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb) \u00e0 ses assur\u00e9s, un couple am\u00e9ricain r\u00e9sidant en Floride (les \u00ab\u00a0assur\u00e9s\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb). Aux fins du pr\u00e9sent article, nous examinerons la d\u00e9cision de la Cour d\u2019appel relative \u00e0 l\u2019application d\u2019une clause d\u2019\u00e9lection de for et \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des faits<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2018assureur a son si\u00e8ge social \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al. La police d\u2019assurance, r\u00e9gie par les lois du Qu\u00e9bec, comporte une clause d\u2019\u00e9lection de for stipulant que les litiges relatifs \u00e0 la police d\u2019assurance doivent \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux du Qu\u00e9bec\u00a0:<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sente police d\u2019assurance est r\u00e9gie par les lois en vigueur dans la province du Qu\u00e9bec (Canada) et sera interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 celles-ci.<\/p>\n

Tout litige relatif \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sente police d\u2019assurance sera soumis \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux de la province du Qu\u00e9bec (Canada).<\/p>\n

Un d\u00e9saccord est survenu lorsque l\u2019assureur a oppos\u00e9 un refus de couverture des frais m\u00e9dicaux encourus par les assur\u00e9s r\u00e9sidant en Floride. Des proc\u00e9dures judiciaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9es, notamment une action en justice intent\u00e9e par l\u2019h\u00f4pital \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des assur\u00e9s devant un tribunal de Floride pour frais m\u00e9dicaux impay\u00e9s (la \u00ab\u00a0cause en Floride<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb). Un accord entre les parties a ult\u00e9rieurement \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu pour r\u00e9gler la cause en Floride.<\/p>\n

Par la suite, l\u2019assureur a entrepris une action devant la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec afin d\u2019obtenir l\u2019annulation de la police d\u2019assurance all\u00e9guant une fausse d\u00e9claration de la part des assur\u00e9s. En r\u00e9ponse, ces derniers ont formul\u00e9 une requ\u00eate en irrecevabilit\u00e9, faisant valoir que les tribunaux de Floride \u00e9taient mieux habilit\u00e9s \u00e0 statuer sur le litige et qu\u2019ils avaient comp\u00e9tence.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision faisant l\u2019objet du recours en appel a statu\u00e9 en faveur de l\u2019exception d\u00e9clinatoire des assur\u00e9s, rejetant la requ\u00eate en nullit\u00e9 de la police d\u2019assurance formul\u00e9e par l\u2019assureur en vertu de l\u2019article\u00a043 du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile<\/a> (\u00ab\u00a0C.p.c.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb)\u00a0:<\/p>\n

43<\/strong>. […]<\/p>\n

Lorsque la demande porte sur un contrat d\u2019assurance, la juridiction comp\u00e9tente est celle du lieu du domicile ou de la r\u00e9sidence de l\u2019assur\u00e9, que ce dernier soit demandeur ou d\u00e9fendeur ou, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire du contrat. S\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une assurance de biens, la juridiction du lieu du sinistre est \u00e9galement comp\u00e9tente.<\/p>\n

[…]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a \u00e9galement conclu que s\u2019il avait d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que les tribunaux du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e9taient comp\u00e9tents, la clause d\u2019\u00e9lection de for n\u2019aurait pas fait obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019application de l\u2019article\u00a03135 du Code civil du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> (\u00ab\u00a0C.c.Q.<\/strong>\u00bb) et de la doctrine du forum non conveniens<\/em> :<\/em><\/p>\n

3135<\/strong>. Bien qu\u2019elle soit comp\u00e9tente pour conna\u00eetre d\u2019un litige, une autorit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec peut, exceptionnellement et \u00e0 la demande d\u2019une partie, d\u00e9cliner cette comp\u00e9tence si elle estime que les autorit\u00e9s d\u2019un autre \u00c9tat sont mieux \u00e0 m\u00eame de trancher le litige.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Enfin, le juge s\u2019est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 pr\u00eat \u00e0 suspendre la proc\u00e9dure en vertu de l\u2019article\u00a03137<\/a> C.c.Q., si cela \u00e9tait jug\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire\u00a0:<\/p>\n

3137<\/strong>. L\u2019autorit\u00e9 qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise, \u00e0 la demande d\u2019une partie, peut, quand une action est introduite devant elle, surseoir \u00e0 statuer si une autre action entre les m\u00eames parties, fond\u00e9e sur les m\u00eames faits et ayant le m\u00eame objet, est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pendante devant une autorit\u00e9 \u00e9trang\u00e8re, pourvu qu\u2019elle puisse donner lieu \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision pouvant \u00eatre reconnue au Qu\u00e9bec, ou si une telle d\u00e9cision a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue par une autorit\u00e9 \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

D\u00e9cision<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019assureur a fait appel de la d\u00e9cision du tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance en se fondant notamment sur la contestation de l\u2019application de l\u2019article\u00a043 C.p.c. et de l\u2019article\u00a03135 C.c.Q.<\/p>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e en faveur de la position de l\u2019assureur et a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du Qu\u00e9bec avait comp\u00e9tence pour entendre la demande en nullit\u00e9, soulignant deux aspects importants\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tout d\u2019abord, la Cour d\u2019appel souligne l\u2019application erron\u00e9e de l\u2019article\u00a043 C.p.c. par le juge de premi\u00e8re instance, en pr\u00e9cisant le r\u00f4le de cette disposition l\u00e9gale dans la d\u00e9termination de la comp\u00e9tence territoriale<\/strong> au Qu\u00e9bec, et non de la comp\u00e9tence internationale<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  2. En second lieu, la Cour d\u2019appel souligne l\u2019erreur quant \u00e0 l\u2019application de l\u2019article\u00a03135 C.c.Q. sans \u00e9tablir la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux de Floride et en faisant abstraction de la volont\u00e9 des parties exprim\u00e9e dans la clause d\u2019\u00e9lection de for.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Commentaires<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Sans exclure cat\u00e9goriquement la possibilit\u00e9 de contester la validit\u00e9 de la clause d\u2019\u00e9lection de for, cette d\u00e9cision souligne l\u2019importance de respecter lesdites clauses dans les contrats internationaux, notamment dans les polices d\u2019assurance, afin de favoriser la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 recherch\u00e9es par les parties contractantes. Cette d\u00e9cision apporte \u00e9galement des \u00e9claircissements sur les diverses formes de comp\u00e9tence et sur l\u2019application pr\u00e9cise des dispositions l\u00e9gales r\u00e9gissant la comp\u00e9tence territoriale par rapport \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence internationale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La cause en question se rapporte \u00e0 un litige opposant Avantys Health Inc. une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les assurances m\u00e9dicales (l\u2019 \u00ab\u00a0assureur\u00a0\u00bb) \u00e0 ses assur\u00e9s, un couple am\u00e9ricain r\u00e9sidant en Floride (les \u00ab\u00a0assur\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb). Aux fins du pr\u00e9sent article, nous examinerons la d\u00e9cision de la Cour d\u2019appel relative \u00e0 l\u2019application d\u2019une clause d\u2019\u00e9lection de for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":14367,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[578],"insight-format":[469],"class_list":["post-12099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-assurances"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPerspectives juridiques : Respect des clauses d\u2019\u00e9lection de for dans les litiges en mati\u00e8re d\u2019assurance | Miller Thomson<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/fr\/perspectives-juridiques\/assurances\/clauses-de-for-dans-litiges-matiere-dassurance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perspectives juridiques : Respect des clauses d\u2019\u00e9lection de for dans les litiges en mati\u00e8re d\u2019assurance | Miller Thomson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La cause en question se rapporte \u00e0 un litige opposant Avantys Health Inc. une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les assurances m\u00e9dicales (l\u2019 \u00ab\u00a0assureur\u00a0\u00bb) \u00e0 ses assur\u00e9s, un couple am\u00e9ricain r\u00e9sidant en Floride (les \u00ab\u00a0assur\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb). 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