{"id":6041,"date":"2021-12-17T13:03:25","date_gmt":"2023-08-12T08:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/when-old-bylaws-stop-you-from-using-bcs-new-virtual-meeting-option-the-farrish-2021-case\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T13:48:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T17:48:23","slug":"when-old-bylaws-stop-you-from-using-bcs-new-virtual-meeting-option-the-farrish-2021-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/en\/insights\/social-impact\/when-old-bylaws-stop-you-from-using-bcs-new-virtual-meeting-option-the-farrish-2021-case\/","title":{"rendered":"When old bylaws stop you from using BC\u2019s new virtual meeting option: The <i>Farrish<\/i> 2021 case"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>As 2021 comes to a close, BC societies should be aware of recent changes in the law that will affect their bylaws and processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Farrish v. Delta Hospice Society<\/em> and virtual meetings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In May 2021, the BC Government amended the <em>Societies Act<\/em> [SBC 2015] Chapter 18 (the \u201cAct\u201d or the <em>\u201cSocieties Act<\/em>\u201d) to add rules and reflect changes <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gov.bc.ca\/releases\/2021FIN0036-000930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing virtual meetings for BC societies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the changes to the Act:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>any member of a society may participate in an electronic or telephone meeting called by a society \u201cunless the bylaws of a society provide otherwise\u201d (s. 83(1)); and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>if a society wishes to conduct voting by mail or by another means of communication (including fax, email or other electronic means), the society\u2019s bylaws must authorize, and set out rules governing, such voting method (ss. 84(5)-(6)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A July 2021 BC Supreme Court decision confirms that general meetings and voting over electronic platforms will not be available for societies with bylaws that contemplate in-person meetings only and that do not explicitly permit and set out rules governing electronic voting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Farrish v. Delta Hospice Society<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/bc\/bcsc\/doc\/2021\/2021bcsc1374\/2021bcsc1374.html?autocompleteStr=farrish&amp;autocompletePos=6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 BCSC 1374<\/a>, the Delta Hospice Society (the \u201c<strong>Society<\/strong>\u201d) sought a declaration that its bylaws permitted electronic meetings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bylaws of the Society were made in 1991 at a time when membership was small and local. General meetings were held in person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result of competing membership drives (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/bc\/bcsc\/doc\/2020\/2020bcsc968\/2020bcsc968.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 BCSC 968<\/a>), the Society had grown from 620 members in 2019 to 8,810 members by the time of the 2021 hearing. The geographical reach of members had also grown beyond British Columbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Society had argued that s. 83(1) of the <em>Societies Act<\/em> allows the Society to call an electronic meeting of members and that the Society\u2019s bylaws, made in 1991, did not contain any express prohibition on electronic meetings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BC Supreme Court disagreed. Justice Shelley Fitzpatrick held that the usual contract principles apply when interpreting bylaws. Specifically, the intention of the Society\u2019s originals members must be determined by reading the bylaws as a whole and must be informed by circumstances as they were in 1991, and not by subsequent developments or the Society\u2019s current wishes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reading the Society\u2019s bylaws as a whole, Justice Fitzpatrick concluded that the original members of the Society had intended that meetings be held in person. Parts of the Society\u2019s bylaws that supported the court\u2019s conclusion included references to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Meetings being held in a \u201c<strong>place<\/strong>,\u201d which denotes a physical location;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A member being \u201c<strong>present<\/strong>,\u201d which implies physical attendance at the \u201cplace\u201d;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A vote at the meeting by a \u201c<strong>show of hands<\/strong>,\u201d which is consistent with a member being physically present at a physical location and which is inconsistent with telephone voting or an electronic \u201cshow of hands\u201d through platforms such as Converso or Zoom;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Voting by <strong>proxy<\/strong> being \u201c<strong>not permitted<\/strong>,\u201d which is consistent with a person being present at the meeting and being able to vote personally; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Corporate representatives \u201c<strong>speaking<\/strong>\u201d and voting at the meeting, which implies physical attendance by those representatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, Justice Fitzpatrick pointed to the absence of any explicit authorization of, and rules governing, electronic voting, as required by the amended ss. 84(5)-(6) of the <em>Societies Act<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As such, Justice Fitzpatrick ruled that the Delta Hospice Society\u2019s bylaws \u201cprovide otherwise\u201d for the purposes of s. 83(1) of the <em>Societies Act <\/em>and prevented the Society from holding electronic meetings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, due to continued public restrictions on in-person gatherings, Justice Fitzpatrick used the court\u2019s discretionary powers to allow the Society to hold a limited electronic meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, <em>Farrish v. Delta Hospice Society<\/em> serves as a cautionary tale to other societies which may have similar language in their bylaws as the Society\u2019s and which have not updated their bylaws during the pandemic or since the May 2021 <em>Societies Act <\/em>amendments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like the Delta Hospice Society, many of these BC societies continue to have bylaws that contemplate in-person meetings only. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in spite of what their bylaws said, these societies could hold electronic or telephone meetings, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/en\/publications\/communiques-and-updates\/social-impact-newsletter\/april-7-2020-social-impact\/how-to-hold-members-and-directors-meetings-despite-covid-19-a-provincial-overview\/\">as permitted under the April 21, 2020 Emergency Order<\/a> and for as long as the Order remained in place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the Emergency Order no longer in effect, and with the amended <em>Societies Act<\/em> now in force, many BC societies might unknowingly think they can still hold meetings over Zoom or by phone, when, in fact, their bylaws continue to \u201cprovide otherwise.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In light of <em>Farrish<\/em>, BC societies wishing to hold electronic or telephone meetings should have their bylaws carefully reviewed and amended to ensure they conform with both the revised Act and these societies\u2019 current wishes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have any questions about these recent or upcoming changes or would like a lawyer in our Social Impact Group to review and update your bylaws, please contact <a href=\"mailto:sfitzpatrick@millerthomson.com\">Sarah Fitzpatrick<\/a> or <a href=\"mailto:shsia@fasken.com\">Stephen Hsia<\/a> in our Vancouver office.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As 2021 comes to a close, BC societies should be aware of recent changes in the law that will affect their bylaws and processes. Farrish v. Delta Hospice Society and virtual meetings In May 2021, the BC Government amended the Societies Act [SBC 2015] Chapter 18 (the \u201cAct\u201d or the \u201cSocieties Act\u201d) to add rules [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":14389,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[535],"insight-format":[416],"class_list":["post-6041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-impact"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>When old bylaws stop you from using BC\u2019s new virtual meeting option: The Farrish 2021 case | Miller Thomson<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.millerthomson.com\/en\/insights\/social-impact\/when-old-bylaws-stop-you-from-using-bcs-new-virtual-meeting-option-the-farrish-2021-case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When old bylaws stop you from using BC\u2019s new virtual meeting option: The Farrish 2021 case | Miller Thomson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As 2021 comes to a close, BC societies should be aware of recent changes in the law that will affect their bylaws and processes. 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